???
    Marquis dalla Rosa (1790)
    Lord Macdonald
    Goding, James
    Vuillaume, J. B. (1857)
    Vicomte de Janzé
    Camposelice, Duc de
    Warburg, Felix M. - New York (1926)
    ???
    Primrose, William
    ???

This instrument was also played by a member of the Stradivarius Quartet. [73] p 73 and [125]

    ???
    Mackenzie, Lewis
    ???
    Hill and Sons - London
    Haslam, R. Humphrey - Altringham (1908)
    ???
    Hamma & Company
    ???
    Posner, Nathan E. - USA (1920)
    ???
    Cerf, Raymond (1949) ¹
    ???

1. Violin Professor at Kansas University.

[73] p 23; [41] p 51; [60] p 726

    ???
    Madame Bastard (about 1923)
    ???
    Stad, Ben
    ???

A certificate made by Hill in 1923 states this instrument as being from the period 1675-80. Mr. Stad was founder director of the American Society of the Ancient Instruments. [73] p 23

    ???
    Elman, Mischa

-

    ???
    Noble family - Madrid
    Wurlitzer, Rembert, New York
    B. Franklin's mistress
    ???
    Harvard Professor
    Sushanskaya, Rimma (1989)

Played by Ruggiero Ricci in the recording 'The Glory of Cremona'. [190] and [21]

    ???
    Gillot collection (1872)
    Hill & Sons - London (1893)
    Bennet, Richard - Lever Hall, Lancashire
    Young, A. W.
    Miss Reid (1930)
    Werro, Henry - Bern (1950)
    Schicker, Horst - Freiburg (until 1960)
    Habisreutiger, Rolf - St. Gallen (1960)
    Foundation (name unknown)

[9]

    ???
    Bang, Maia
    ???

[73] p 29

    ???
    USSR State Collection
    Oistrakh, David - Moscow
    ???

[2]

    ???
    Mara, Mr. - England (1784)
    ???
    Hill & Sons - London (1888)
    Pezze, Alessandro
    Gardner, H. J. (1902)
    Hill & Sons - London (1908)
    Tornquist, Carlos A. - Buenos Aires (1910)
    Lees, Murray (1934)
    Executors of Mr Lees' will (1953)
    Hill & Sons - London
    Baldovino, Amedeo - Rome (1954)
    ???
    Schiff, Heinrich

Mr. Mara was the husband of the celebrated singer Madame Mara. [73], p 94

    ???
    Delphino ¹
    Gudovich, Count Andrei - Russia (1822)
    Markevitch, Andrei Nicolaievich (1863) ²
    Markevitch's son
    Caressa, Albert - Paris (~1914)
    Broadbent - USA
    Dragert - USA
    Francais, Jacques
    Markevitch, Dimitry - Switzerland (1962) ³
    ??? (1971)
    ???
    Josefowitz, Josef - London

1. Delphino, an Italian cellist, brought this instrument to Russia at the beginning of the 19th century. Later he sold it to Count Gudovich.
2. Gudovich gave it to Senator Andrei Nicolaievich Markevitch, who was his grandnephew and godson. Markevitch, an amateur cellist, was founder and director of the Russian Musical Society.
3. Dimitry Markevitch, a pupil of Piatigorsky and Boulanger, played on this instrument while performing all six Bach suites in a concert in the Carnegie Hall on October 26, 1964. It was the first time all six Bach suites were played publicly in a single program.

[60] p 724; [73] p 94; [141]; [78] p 131; [99]

    ???
    Marquis Doria
    ???
    Gusikoff, Michael
    ???

This instrument is similar in appearance to the Jean Becker. [73] p 24

    ???
    Corberon, Marquis de - France (18th Century)
    ??? - France (1789)
    Loeb, Mr. - Paris
    ???
     •   Paris Exposition - Paris (1867)
    ???
    Chapman, Spencer (1911)
    Chapman's daughter Audrey (1911)
    ???
    Mellville, Audrey
    Royal Academy of Music, London
     •   Grünberg, Erich
     •   Nelsova, Zara

Mr. Grünberg and Ms. Nelsova loaned this instrument by the RAM. [73] p 97;[186]; [132]

    ???
    Marsick, Martin
    Caressa
    Hugenin (1937)
    Oistrakh, David - Moscow
    ???

Goodkind states also Baumgartner, Delgay, E. Fran¢ais, Perilhou, Vatelot, Vormbaum and Wilmotte as past owners.

[73] p 45; [60] p 730; [2]

    ???
    Marteau, Henri
    ???

Illustrated in the Strad 1908.
[73], p 48

    ???
    Marteau, Henri
    ???
    Poulet, Gérard
    ???

[119], p 502

    ???
    French nobleman - Paris
    ???
    Martinelli ¹
    Freeman, Jay C. (1900)
    Lyon & Healy - Chicag (1900)
    ???
    Greiner, J. E. - Baltimore
    Durant, R. C.
    Wallace, A. H. - Los Angeles
    Wurlitzer Collection (1925)
    Amateur lady violinist
    ???
    Gingold, Josef
    Gingold, George N. (1995) ²
    Morel & Gradoux-Matt Inc.
    International Violin Competition of Indianapolis

1. Martinelli was an army captain
2. George Gingold is Jose Gingold's son. He gave the instrument to Rene Morel's firm to be sold.

Goodkind states also Hertel as former owner.

[73] p 22; [41] p 45; [177] p 1193; [60] p 726

    ???
    Axelrod, Herbert
    Smithsonian Institution's Museum (1986)

Axelrod has lent since 1986 this instrument as part of a set of ornamented instruments to the Smithsonian Museum.
[145]

    ???
    Royal Academy of Music

-

    ???
    Maurin, Jean Pierre - Paris ¹
    ???
    Hebert, M. - Paris ²
    Hebert, Mme. - Paris ²
    Hill & Sons - London ³
    Posner, Nathan ³
    Wurlitzer
    Rubinoff, Dave ⁴
    Rubinoff, Darlene - Houston ⁴
     •   Wetherbee, Charles - Columbus, Ohio ⁵
    ???
    Anonymous collector
     •   Fedeli, Matteo - Italy (2004) ⁶

1. Jean Pierre Maurin was a famous French violin virtuoso and successor to Alard (1875) as professor at the Paris conservatoire.
2. Hebert was a painter. After his death Mme. Hebert inherited the instrument.
3. Alfred E. Hill purchased the instrument from Mme. Hebert for Posner without revealing his indentity in order to get a lower price than she had tried to get from Posner.
4. Dave Rubinoff was the famed US-American violinist. After his death his widow inherited the instrument.
5. Wetherbee is (as of April 2000) concertmaster of the Columbus Symphony Orchestra. He played on this instrument - loaned by Ms. Rubinoff - during a gala concert in April 11, 2000.
6. Fedeli, since 1990 advisor and since 1995 first violin of the Accademia Concertante d'Archi in Milan, of which he is a founding partner. [130].

Goodkind states also Romanoff as owner, probably meaning the Russian Czar family to whom this instrument is said to have belonged in the past. Rubinoff named the instrument therefore Romanoff.

[73] p 82; [60] p 737; [41] p 305 - 307; [193]

    ???
    Maximilian Joseph, King of Bavaria
    ???
    Mannheimer Family - Amsterdam
    ???

This instrument bears the brand of the former King of Bavaria, Maximilian Joseph. [73] p 24

    ???
    Sivori
    ???
    Holzapfel, Carl - Baltimore (1915)
    ???
    Powell, Ralph - Birmingham
    Rostal, Max
    ???

Illustrated in the Strad 1947.
[73], p 31

    ???
    Prince Ferdinand, Florence
    Instituto Cherubini

Prince Ferdinand was the son of the Grand Duke Cosimo III de Medici

    ???
    Vicomte de Bioley - Verviers, Belgium
    Mougenot, violin maker
    Williams, Englishman
    Maxwell Sale, London (1897)
    Herrman, Emil
    ???

-

    ???
    Vicomte de Bioley - Verviers, Belgium (ca. 1860)
    Mougenot - England
    Williams
    ???
    Herrman, Emil
    ???

Mougenot was a violin maker. This instrument is also called Avery. [73] p 25

    Stradivari, Francesco and Paolo
    Salabue, Count Cozio di (1775)
    Tarisio, Luigi (1827)
    Vuillaume
    Alard, Delphin (1875)
    Mr. Crawford, collector (~1894)
    Hill & Sons - London (1931)
    Ashmolean Museum Oxford (1938)

Stradivari's favourite instrument, he never parted with, was also called Salabue. Luigi Tarisio, a famous collector purchased and kept it hidden from the world until his death. As people heard from this hidden instrument, they doubted its existence. One day Delphin Alard expressed his opinion that this instrument was like the Messiah, from wich you heard about but which can not be seen. Alard's remark gave the instrument his name. Later the instrument was aquired by Vuillaume, who retained it until his death, passing it to Alard, who was his son-in-law. Hill & Sons presented it to the Ashmolean Museum Oxford, where it has to be kept for ever in a special prepared room. This instrument was illustrated in the Juni 1894 and December 1931 issues of "The Strad Magazine". [73] p 62

    ???
    Székely, Zoltán

-

    ???
    Dragonetti, Domenico (1794)
     •   Viotti, Jean Baptiste
    Milanollo, Teresa (1846 (1846 - 1904)
    Hill & Sons - London
    Ratnagar - Bombay (1961)
    ???
    Ferras, Christian (1967)
    Amoyal, Pierre (1990)
    ???
    ??? - Italy
    ??? - Switzerland

Dragonetti probably purchased this instrument for Viotti. In his last will he bequeathed it to Teresa Milanollo.
Goodkind states also Parmentier as former owner.

[174]; [73] p 80; [60] p 736; [41] p 423

    ???
    Hill & Sons - London
    Mlynarski, Emil (1897)
    Caressa & Francais (1902)
    Seligman, Dr. Milton - Frankfurt/M ¹
     •   Kolisch, Rudolf ¹
    Lachmann, Erich (1944) ¹
    ???

1. Dr. Milton Seligman, member of a distinguished family at Frankfurt/M, Germany, placed this instrument for an unlimited time period at Kolisch's disposal. Since Kolisch held the instrument with the right hand due to an injury suffered in his childhood, it was alterated to a 'left-handed' violin and restorated to its original state when Lachmann acquired it.

Goodkind states also Bertolini and Wurlitzer as past owners.

[41] p 216; [60] p 734

    ???
    Monasterio, Jesús de
    ???
    Ricci, Ruggiero
    ???

Played by Ruggiero Ricci in the recording 'The Glory of Cremona'. [190]

    ???
    Lachmann, Erich (1925)
    Hamma & Co. (1925)
    Hug & Co. - Zurich
    ???

Goodkind also states - unforutnately in alphabetical not chronological order - Deutsche Bank, Kessler, Steinthal and Wurlitzer as owners.

[73] p 41; [60] p 730

    ???
    Muir-Mackenzie, Lady ¹
    Muir-Mackenzie, Mr. (1896) ¹
    ???
    Puttick & Simpson's (1920)
    ???
    Segal, Fritz (1950) ²
    ???
    Grevesmühl, Maria - Bremen (????) ³
    B., Marin - Bremen (1996)
    ???
    Machold, Dietmar - Bremen/New York ⁴

1. Lady Muir-Mackenzie presented this instrument to her husband.
2. Fritz Segal was a leader of the Grant-Park Symphony Orchestra, Chicago. [73]

3. Professor Maria Grevesmühl, considered one of the most notable violin teachers in Germany, was murdered October 28, 1996 by Marin B., a Romanian citizen living in Bremen, who was caught while trying to sell her Strad through a middleman. Ms. Grevesmühl's pupil, the 23 years old Romanian Vasile Darnea was said to have given the hint to his countryman where he could meet her: 'Vasile showed me the steps at the station where Frau Grevesmühl would come. He described the place where I could give her a shove', told the Romanian to the court. Vasil Darnea denied having made such suggestion. The case was concluded with the verdict of the court on May 15, 1998. Marin B. was sentenced to 13 years of imprisonment for robbery with a fatal outcome. Vasile Darnea was acquitted. According with the judge there were no indications pointing to any involvement on the part of Darnea.
   [174] p 579; [116]
4. Dietmar Machold is the well known fine instruments dealer. [84]

[60]

    ???
    Meyers, Anne-Akiko

-

    ???
    Stradivari, Paolo
    Salabue, Count Cozio di (1775)
    Tariso (1831)
    Gand, Mr.
    Wilmotte, Mr.
    Muntz, H. M. (1874)
    Higgins, Mr.
    Talbot, Dr. - Aachen
    Francis, Jacques
    Engleman, Dr. E. P.
    Staryk, Steven
    Gottlieb, Howard

-

    ???
    ???
    Gillot collection
    Christie, Manson & Woods (1872)
    Hart, George (1872)
    Hawley, R. D. - Hartford, Con.
    Hart, George (1880)
    ???
    Harvey, Captain Audley
    HIll (1884)
    ???
    William, Reverend A. (1893)
    Hill
    Harvey, Captain Audley
    Lewis, Mrs. Sam ¹
    Nachèz, Tivador
    ??? - Germany
    Hill (1913)
    Hall, Mrs. (1914)
    ???
    Herrmann, Emil
    Fischer, Samuel - Berlin ²
     •   Fischer, Hilda - Berlin ³
    ???
    Dardenne, Victor H. - Belgium (1944) ⁴
    ???

1. Mrs. Lewis was the widow of the then well known money-lender. She was a generous patroness of music. After her death in 1906 it was found that she had bequeathed this instrument to Tivador Nachèz.
2. Samuel Fischer was in those times (1886 - 1934) the owner of the Fischer Publishing Company in Berlin (S. Fischer Verlag).
3. Hilda Fischer was Samuel Fischer's wife.
4. Belgian violinist, principal of the second violins of the New York Metropolitan Opera House orchestra.

Goodkind states also Fradkin as former owner. [73] p 24; [41] p 53; [79] p 50

    ???
    Nachèz, Tivador ¹
    ???
    Vogel, Louis at New York
    ???
    Herrmann, Emil
    Sommer, Dr. Albert - Dresden ²
    ???
    Costa, Dr. Enrico - Genoa (1961)
     •   Bianchi, Luigi Alberto ³

1. Nachèz owned several Strads. [73] p 51; [41] p 151
   
2. Bianchi played this instrument for a recording while being owned by Dr. Costa. [47]

    ???
    Tarisio, Luigi
    ???
    Nadaud, Edouard - Paris (until 1909)
    ???
    Burmester, Willy
    ???
    Hamma & Company
    Kulenkampff, Georg - Bremen
    ???
    ???

This instrument is thought to have been brought to Paris by Tarisio. Nadaud was its first recorded owner.
Goodkind also states Meyer as a past owner.
[159], lot 50; [41] p 329; [73] p 85; [60] p 738

    Starker, Janos

-

    ???
    Queen Elisabeth - Belgium
    Oistrakh, David - Moscow
    ???

-

    ???
    Bull, Ole
    Kochansky, Paul (died 1934)
    Fels, Samuel G. (1935)
    Briselli, Iso
    ???
    Ricci, Ruggiero
    ???
    Axelrod, Herbert
    Smithsonian Institution's Museum (1986)

Bull named this instrument Spanish probably because he confused it with similar, ornamented instruments made for the Spanish Court. The label has often been mis-read as 1688. W. Henley dates it as 1687 as well as Peter Ruhe in his article 'Preservation or incarceration?' in The Strad issue of November 1997.
Fels purchased this instrument for his protegee Briselli.
Played by Ruggiero Ricci in the recording 'The Glory of Cremona'.
Axelrod has lent since 1986 this instrument as part of a set of ornamented instruments to the Smithsonian Museum.
[190], [145] and [73] p 25

    ???
    Arunson, Dr. - Scandinavia
    ???
    Enel, Charles - Paris
    Thouveny, Marie-Claude (1950)
    Vaatelot, Etienne - Paris
    Oliveira, Elmar (1984)
    ???

[11] p 16

    ???
    Bonhams & Brooks - London (2001)

[177] p 1188